You may balk at the title, but since Dvorak's pioneering work (and before that, to be sure, but especially after the Dvorak) there have been several masterpieces for cello and orchestra. Here are my favorites (in some vague semblence of order, for once):
1) Dvorak
2) Delius
3) Shostakovich
4) Elgar
5) Saint-Saens
6) Haydn in C
7) Kalevi Aho
8) Bloch: Schelomo
9) Schumann
10) Monn