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Schütz is generally regarded as the most important German composer before Johann Sebastian Bach and often considered to be one of the most important composers of the 17th century. He wrote what is traditionally considered to be the first German opera, Dafne, performed at Torgau in 1627, the music of which has since been lost.
Schütz was spotted by the Landgrave Moritz von Hessen-Kassel who heard him singing at his father's inn. The Landgrave persuaded Schütz's parents to send him to Kassel as a choirboy and thence to Marburg to study law and Venice to study music under Gabrielli. Gabrieli is the only person Schütz ever referred to as being his teacher. On his return from Venice, Schütz was organist at Kassel from 1613 to 1615. Schütz moved to Dresden and stayed there for the rest of his life. He went back to Venice in 1628 and possibly met Monteverdi. He also had two stays in Denmark. Schütz died in Dresden from a stroke in 1672 at the age of 87
Heinrich Schütz's compositions show the influence of his two main teachers, Gabrieli (displayed most notably with Schütz's use of resplendent polychoral and concertato styles) and Monteverdi. Additionally, the influence of the Netherlandish composers of the 16th century is also prominent in his work. Schütz was of great importance in bringing new musical ideas to Germany from Italy. The style of the north German organ school derives largely from Schütz (as well as from Netherlander Jan Pieterszoon Sweelinck); a century later this music was to culminate in the work of J.S. Bach.
Schütz was one of the last composers to write in a modal style, with non-functional harmonies often resulting from the interplay of voices; contrastingly, much of his music shows a strong tonal pull when approaching cadences. His music makes extensive use of imitation, in which entries often come in irregular order and at varied intervals. Fairly characteristic of Schütz's writing are intense dissonances caused by two or more voices moving correctly through dissonances against the implied harmony.