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Riccardo Stracciari (1875-1955), the Italian baritone who came nearest to having everything: brilliance, depth, power, range, agility, legato, style, emotion, vocal longevity. Rosa Ponselle said his voice was like "a shower of diamonds."

"Il balen":

"Eri tu":

"Largo al factotum":

Ponselle again: "Now that's a baritone!"
 

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That's a decadent verismo habit that I've always found very annoying. I suppose it started with the Italians, and they seem to be the most egregious offenders. You don't hear older baritones like Kaschmann or Battistini doing it, as far as I know. The only records Stracciari ruins for me are his own! :devil: (OK, he made some good ones as well.)
Aspiration of vowels, whether or not we approve of it, didn't begin with verismo, though I suspect the more vehement style of verismo increased its prevalence. We do in fact hear it in Battistini's singing:


Notice that it occurs mainly on quick notes; in slower-moving passages he always maintains a smooth legato connection. But if you'll listen again to Stracciari's "Il balen" (assuming you listened to it before, given that you think he "ruined" his own records) you will hear that the aspirates occur, like Battistini's, on quick notes, and that his legato cantilena is impeccable - superior to most baritones we've heard since, certainly. The aspirate, if not used too much or in inappropriate places, could be felt to be a device of expressive articulation; I'm sure singers of the level of accomplishment of Battistini and Stracciari were not unconscious of using it, and it certainly doesn't represent a technical flaw or an inability to make a legato connection.

Stracciari, for me, is similar to Caruso in that he bestrides two eras and styles; he has the faultless technique and stylistic flair that show his bel canto origins, allied with the visceral excitement and power which musical styles of the late 19th and 20th centuries required. The result is the kind of singer which we've come to call the "Verdi baritone," of which I have never heard a finer representative than Stracciari.
 

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Sorry but when I hear clips like this I just wonder what all the fuss is about. It may be the ancient recording but this guy doesn't compare - let alone surpass - some of the modern singers. He may have been considered great in his day but when I hear him I just ask, "But why?"
In brief, there are specific things to listen for in evaluating a singer's vocal accomplishment. Whether one can hear those things is another matter. It's useful to have sung oneself, or to have worked with singers. Here are the things I look for:

1. Ease of vocal emission. Does the sound seem to spin out freely, or is there a sense of forcing or unnecessary effort?
2. Consistency of vocal emission. Does the sound seem to be produced with similar ease and quality at all times, or do changes in pitch, volume, and velocity cause distortions in these aspects?
3. Evenness of scale. Is there consistency in the timbre and production of the voice throughout its range, or are there distinct differences in quality or abrupt shifts in sound as the voice moves up and down its range?
4. Freedom and consistency of vibrato. Does the vibrato have a quick, even pulsation, fairly consistent despite changes in pitch and volume, or is it irregular, slow, quavery, or excessively wide (obscuring the pitch of the sung note)? Anomalies in the vibrato are due to muscular interference, wear, or fatigue.
5. Control of dynamics (volume). Can the voice move freely among dynamic levels, swelling and diminishing the tone at will without compromising evenness of production? This is a hallmark and test of a fine technique, and a requisite of expressive singing.
6. Flexibility or agility. Can the voice move quickly and freely from note to note? Voices vary naturally in this respect; a lack of agility may or may not indicate poor technique, but it is certainly a disadvantage.

These are the basic elements of vocal technique, all of them quite perceptible. They are objectively present in voices and are not, for the most part, matters of personal taste. The only partial exception is the vibrato; vibratos naturally vary considerably from singer to singer, and a vibrato which strikes a particular listener as unattractively wide or prominent may or may not indicate a technical deficiency. Wide vibratos have never been prized, however, for the reason that they tend to obscure pitch, if for no other.

Beyond technical considerations are musical and stylistic ones - but that's an immense subject.

Bringing this back to Stracciari in particular, he was a great singer in that he was virtually flawless by all the above technical criteria. I would submit that he was also a fine musician with excellent style in the repertoire he sang. If you would care to compare him directly with other baritones, I'll refer you to my post of 3/4/15 under the thread "Which singer best represents each fach?", where I compare nine other baritones of various generations from Battistini to Milnes, using the aria "Eri tu" from Un Ballo in Maschera as a test piece.

http://www.talkclassical.com/36837-singer-best-represents-each.html?highlight=stracciari

That was an exercise I found enjoyable and enlightening.

(As a postscript, I want to say that I do see the OP as asking for our personal tastes and not necessarily objective proofs of anything. Stracciari is a favorite of mine who I think is as fine a baritone as I've ever heard, but there have been others; among Italian baritones I also love Battistini, a great representative of the bel canto school of the 19th century, and Pasquale Amato, who unfortunately burned out too soon, apparently trying to compete with the powerhouse Titta Ruffo.)
 

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the only thing is that as a paying customer for opera I don't ask these sort of technical questions. The main question I ask is do I like his voice? Would I want to sit and listen to it all evening? Now it may be the aged technology but would I want to hear Stracciari's Figaro more than (say) Bruscantini's and the answer is 'No'. As I say it's difficult to judge with ancient recordings but I've always found myself very puzzled when people come up with the view these people were incomparable. I've no doubt they were great in their day in the same way (say) Emil Zatopek was a great runner in his day. But Zatopek's times have been surpassed.
I don't think it gets us anywhere to throw generalizations about. I haven't talked about "these people." I've talked about a particular singer I think is superb, and I've said why, in some detail now.

I don't generally "ask technical questions" either when I hear singers. I merely hear their technical skill, of which I consider myself a pretty good judge. You asked, listening to Stracciari, "but why?" I did my darnedest to tell you why. If you don't hear the things I hear, you might keep listening - or, if you don't want to hear or learn, not listen. That's your prerogative. Enjoy whatever you want to enjoy. I don't care. But I'm not interested in arguments which are not arguments for or about anything except your inability to see what I'm talking about.

I could take you, bar by bar, through a Stracciari performance of "Largo al factotum" (he made several recordings) such as this one:
and show you the points of vocal superiority to this one by Bruscantini:
It would still be perfectly legitimate for you to prefer Bruscantini (a fine singer, certainly) on grounds of timbre preference or interpretation. Obviously the recorded sound is superior, if that is an issue for you.

As for your comparison of singers with athletes breaking the records of their predecessors, music is not athletics. It should be obvious that not everything improves with time. You might as well say that Mozart was a great composer in his time, but that Mozart's times have been surpassed. I'll remind you of that next time you put down Wagner.
 

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I gotta say, Stracciari's devotion to a clean line of singing is exactly why I like Italian baritones in general, (and, for me, Zancanaro in particular). Why has this style of singing fallen out of fashion? Is there no joy in voices that ride the natural line of the music without artificial emoting? Why do we knee-jerk prefer HUGE voices to voices that are seamless in all registers? Why do we tolerate singers who (again, I won't name names) pause for huge ugly gasps of breath in the middle of what should be a flawlessly executed line?

It is frustrating for me because I don't even understand how some singers today can get work, much less be acclaimed Met-worthy.
I guess the answer is: if you want to perform the operas, somebody has to sing them.
 

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Thank you, that's a good example of a Battistini record with aspirated vowels, so I stand corrected! I think that, not having listened to that record very attentively before, I'd been inclined to give him the benefit of the doubt. I'm not sure about aspirates as an affective device: I'm sure singers often did it intentionally where they did it at all, but it smacks of either carelessness or poor taste. Regarding the modern 'Verdi baritone' as a kind of verismo singer with bel canto roots, I prefer those who are more bel canto oriented than verismo oriented. One could put Stracciari in that category, but I don't like his voice much and the aspirates (more blatant than Battistini's) really bother me. Here's a more recent Verdi baritone who sounds to me like a bel canto throwback, in a totally good way: he's Pavel Lisitsian, singing Eri tu, and I prefer his recording to Stracciari's mostly excellent one- largely because his timbre is so much pleasanter to my ear. He certainly 'ruins' most other baritones of the LP era for me!


I still say Peter Dawson's is better! :)

Reputations get exaggerated. Before the internet, critics wielded a disproportionate amount of power, and their enthusiasms for certain singers of the past and their aversion to others seemed to become received opinion. Lack of reissues on vinyl or even CD made it especially hard to reevaluate the reputations of singers whose recordings were deprecated or overlooked by the mid to late 20th century's arbiters of taste. I have shared Bellinilover's experience of disappointment with Pertile, an excellent example of a singer elevated to near godlike status whose records were in many cases egregiously bad. Yet very frequently, Youtube yields excellent examples of singing from the same era by artists who may well have enjoyed success in their own time but whose names are a great deal less familiar to us than those of singers like Pertile, whose reputation is so towering and whose recordings are often so disappointing.
Lisitsian was a superb singer, no question. His singing and style will get no criticism here. I do find Russian a bit hard to swallow in such quintessentially Italian music; he sounds great, while his gulped vowels sound as absurd here as they sound fine in Mussorgsky. Best of the postwar baritones? Maybe so, technically, but not my favorite baritone sound.

Yeah, Dawson's utterly delightful. As a voice, though? Come on now, be honest...

I agree that some singers have inflated reputations. It's inevitable. A few singers I don't "get"? Martinelli, top of the list. I find him positively horrifying. He sings like an elephant in heat. Pertile? Tend to agree with others here. Varnay: a ponderous, crude voice, a long way from bel canto. But I see the forgottenness of many great singers as more unfortunate than the overestimation of a few.

Well, this isn't supposed to be about singers we dislike, so I'll stop before I get into any more trouble.
 

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The comparison with Zatopek was, of course, not dealing with a creative artist. Singers are not creative artists. I would certainly not used the comparison in dealing with composers as it does not apply. In any case it is an incomplete analogy not to be pushed to its limit.
It's not that I don't know what you are talking about, as I thought I'd made clear that is not the issue. I've had musical training and I understand (most of) the technical stuff. I also have a wife who has taught singing! But what I am talking about is preferences of the listener. Our problems seem the same, friend. You don't appear to get what I am talking about! Our priorities are different! But let's agree to differ on that! :) Happy listening!
Sorry, but I do not agree that "our problems are the same."

You began this conversation by saying you didn't know why I thought Stracciari was a great singer. You said "Sorry but when I hear clips like this I just wonder what all the fuss is about. It may be the ancient recording but this guy doesn't compare - let alone surpass - some of the modern singers. He may have been considered great in his day but when I hear him I just ask, "But why?"

Thinking you might really want to know "why," I proceed to tell you what I think are the criteria of a great singer and why I think Stracciari meets them. You then say "I don't ask these sorts of technical questions. The main question I ask is do I like his voice?...As I say it's difficult to judge with ancient recordings but I've always found myself very puzzled when people come up with the view these people were incomparable."

I try to elaborate a bit on my previous explanation, still harboring some illusion that you actually want to understand why Stracciari is considered a great singer. But all you can say is "what I am talking about is preferences of the listener."

Well. I may be a little slow, but I think I'm getting it now. Obviously you don't really care why some singers are considered great, and your question wasn't a real question. So why did you ask it and put me to the trouble of answering it, when what you really wanted to say is that you're not impressed by Stracciari or other singers on those old recordings, and that all that matters to you is what you like, just because you like it - so take that, all you bloody connoisseurs of singing who think you know so much!

Then, having admitted that knowledge of singing is not your concern, you make a completely insupportable claim of - guess what? knowledge of singing! - by posing an analogy purporting to show that modern singers must have surpassed their predecessors. Why have they? Because athletes have!

And now you are saying that "our problems seem the same"? No. They don't. I do not have the same problem as you, whatever the heck that is. My problem is being asked to explain something to someone who doesn't give a fig for the explanation, but just wants to flaunt his personal tastes in the faces of people who actually have some ideas on the subject.

Next time, just say "personally, I prefer Bruscantini." I will try to remember not to ask you why.
 

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Yes, the forgottenness of great singers is far worse than the overestimation of a few, no argument! I've been pondering the question of whether Peter Dawson had a great voice. I think he did, though it obviously wasn't quite as opulent a sound as those of the very greatest bass baritones of his time like van Rooy or Schorr (the latter a prolific 'ruiner' of other singers' records of Lieder). I love Dawson for his unassuming virtuosity and the unfailing tastefulness of his singing, and for a certain straightforward muscular Edwardian Britishness he had, more useful in the song repertoire associated with him than in operatic arias perhaps. I found this interesting recording of Iago's Credo on Youtube:


Perhaps he hasn't quite 'ruined' that one- a casualty of the English translation and not really sounding evil enough- but it's still good, and I can't help thinking his reputation would be greater if he had been Pietro D' Osonio and recorded arias in the original language, instead of being the British-based concert singer he was.
I'm going to differ with you and say that Dawson was a great singer with something less than a great instrument. I really did enjoy this, but a bit more "opulence" of timbre is important to me. I know it's a subjective preference, but for Iago? Darkness and weight of tone really is needed. I can't believe Dawson is evil; just set him alongside, say, Gobbi. A difference of "Night and Day" (Dawson could sing that quite stylishly, don't you think? With a little Noel Coward attitude?). He has a veddy British sound, to my ears - sort of reedy. No offense, but I can't help visualizing G & S when I hear him.

"Batti, batti..." (I'm covering my head).
 

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Having read the posts several times, I'm honestly puzzled as to what precisely the above conflict is all about.:confused: At any rate, I don't think I'll be participating in this thread anymore.
The above conflict is about someone asking me a question about singing, not really wanting an answer, and showing disrespect for my sincere and detailed efforts to provide an answer.
 

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To this day, I think that all baritones and basses chantantes should be subjected to the Peter Dawson test: can they sing the Largo al factotum, or Schubert's Erlkoenig, or Honour and Arms (or whatever) as cleanly, easily and elegantly as that great and underrated Australian bass baritone did? There is of course nothing wrong with associating him with his core repertoire of G&S, rousing patriotic songs etc, which were to him what Verdian and Puccinian villains were to Tito Gobbi. To get back on topic, sort of, Dawson has comprehensively 'ruined' the song repertoire associated with him for any other singers. I can't listen to anyone else singing 'The Fishermen of England' or 'The Road to Mandalay' (I hope Wood forgives me for secretly enjoying such obnoxiously rightwing, imperialistic songs as the latter, but it's an amazing Dawson performance nevertheless.)



PS If you find Dawson too reedy, you may enjoy Robert Easton. He came the closest to 'ruining' Gounod's Mephistopheles for me, in the English language recording conducted by Beecham in 1929-30. He has the elegance, the poise, the beauty of voice, but I was hoping for a little more thunder and rumbustiousness in 'Le veau d'or', where he is rather too well mannered (as was Plançon). Youtube has his 'Vecchia zimarra' from the complete Act IV of Boheme, which shows off his beautiful voice and tasteful singing, the latter always a relative rarity in Puccini:


Here he is in the Peter Dawson repertoire- a setting of the Kipling poem 'Boots', frustratingly lacking the last few bars.


And here is Dawson himself, so we can decide whether he has in fact quite 'ruined' the song for the more opulent voice of Robert Easton:

Dawson is certainly fun to hear in his native metier. I fear I shall never find his timbre to my taste in Italian opera, or feel much identification with songs like "The Fishermen of Mandalay" (oops!) or "Boots", but I do enjoy the excursion across The Pond and the decades. So, thanks.

Easton has a clear, resonant voice indeed. That Boheme is charming (I'm listening right now). The lightweight voices make Rodolfo and Mimi sound like kids, which is not inappropriate. They aren't going to replace the likes of Bjorling and Tebaldi, but that's all right.

"Boots" made me laugh, by the way. Is it supposed to?
 

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Great singers 'create' as do all great musicians - their interpretations are creative (and in both 'big C' and 'little c' terms of creativity) and the greatest singers have changed the repertoire, the critical reception of aspects of the repertoire, understanding of specific pieces etc etc etc
Absolutely. Every intelligent performing musician appreciates the extent to which the creation of a musical experience is in the hands of the interpreter of those pages of dots, dashes and squiggles known as "the score." Remarkably little of that experience can be represented in written form in much of the music we listen to, and in vocal music least of all. Creating a performance of an operatic role is a major creative achievement - or, rather, it can be, though it too often is not. Most singers, like most people in most of life's activities, are more or less content to do what they have learned how to do, and even their thrusts at individuality are pretty conventional and unmemorable. We are not even likely to imagine what's possible until a singer/actor with the spark of genius - a Hotter, a Vickers, a Ludwig, a Lehmann, a Schwarzkopf, a Callas, an Olivero - gets hold of a work we thought we knew and reveals dimensions in it we never suspected.

"Creating a role" is merely a conventional expression for being the first to sing it. Taking that role and creating a character is a true act of co-creation with the composer.
 

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I'm sorry you appear to consider someone disagreeing with you amounts to disrespect. It's not like that at all. Just I have my opinion. I said in the beginning that personally I prefer Bruscantini by what comes out of the speakers. You don't seem to have accepted that point and launched into why you thought Stracciari was wonderful. Fine! I've no problem with that. But when I say that these technical issues are not the chief thing I look for you appear to get offended and think it's disrespectful. Sorry! But we think differently! As I said before I just wanted to agree to differ but you can't seem to accept that. Sorry!
The above post does not contain a single true statement. If I am not allowed to refute it here, it needs to be deleted by the moderators, as subsequent posts already have been.
 

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It's rare that I feel that a singer simply appropriates a role or an aria and ruins other people's performances for me. Another great voice and interpretation are always theoretically possible. But they may not presently be available.

The obvious choice for a singer who can obliterate other singers' efforts is Maria Callas. I would qualify this by saying that her interpretations often do that for me, while certain other singers have equalled and perhaps surpassed her vocally in many of her roles. But in a great performance the two must go hand in hand, so I don't want to parse this too much. With Callas, more than with any other singer, I tend to come away from a performance feeling that I will never hear the total meaning of the music and drama realized so powerfully, and that there's no point in hoping for it. And this is, for the most part, without seeing her, except in my mind's eye. Where I can see her - in the second act of Tosca - the feeling is fully confirmed. I don't even care for Tosca, except in that film from Covent Garden. She and Gobbi, for me, just own the opera. Some other roles in which, for me, no one else seems likely to measure up? Medea, Lucia, Norma, Lady Macbeth, Butterfly, Carmen...

A few other sopranos who've spoiled me in certain parts are Elisabeth Schwarzkopf, who inherited the Marschallin from Lotte Lehmann, who more or less owned it before her. Lehmann also fully embodied Sieglinde, and that Walkure Act One with Melchior will surely never be equalled. Lehmann, in fact, was a singer of such exalted expressiveness that practically everything she did, at least in German opera, set a standard. Elisabeth Grummer, another German soprano, was Weber's Agathe to the very life, with her natural, artless loveliness of spirit, wonderfully different from the sophisticated Schwarzkopf; and that same fresh naturalness made her the perfect Eva. And yet the greatest single recording of Eva's music is that of the quintet from Meistersinger led by Elisabeth Schumann, a performance that breathes such an unearthly beauty that only Grummer's comes near it. That classic recording is almost enough to make you dread the next performance you'll hear.

I guess I'll leave it with the sopranos for now.
 

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This is an interesting point but just as a personal opinion I think the quality of Callas's voice was perfect. It had an almost tearful quality to it, it was incredibly expressive and could be used in an excitingly dramatic way too. It was also a very... Precise voice, you could clearly hear all of the notes. It was a truer voice.
I don't find the Callas voice inherently one of the most sensually beautiful, and in certain music don't care for her basic sound at all. Not everyone could have used her instrument as she did. But it was a deeply human voice, multidimensional, bitter and sweet, dark and brilliant, soft and hard, full of odd colors and surprising timbral vibrations which she could alter and employ to express an incredible variety of emotions. This was nature taking with one hand and giving with the other - or, to use another image, you need a lemon to make lemonade. Fortunately she had the genius to play to the hilt the hand, or voice, she was dealt. A true voice - a true artist, honest all the way down, missing nothing, concealing nothing, sparing nothing.
 

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Callas's appeal comes precisely from the fact that her voice wasn't perfect. the majority of the voice was somewhat muddy, husky, almost snarling, like a mezzo villainous singing in the soprano range.
Isn't it a little disparaging to say that vocal imperfection is what makes a singer appealing? Callas's appeal comes from a great many things more significant. Something to do with musicianship, maybe? And do keep in mind that the things - things musical, dramatic, and, yes, technical - she knew how to do with that imperfect voice are still waiting to be equaled in her repertoire. That's the precise source of her "appeal."
 

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no, not in the slightest

fair points, though I tend to define "her repertoire" a little more narrowly than most (and rest assured, I practically worship her in half of it lol).
You're certainly entitled to find Callas's vocal "imperfections" appealing. But are the things you cited really imperfections, or just peculiarities? "Muddy," "husky," and "almost snarling" concern her timbre(s) and are rather subjective descriptors, aren't they? I'm not just being argumentative. Actual imperfections have to do with faults in the way a voice works. Callas developed real imperfections as her career proceeded, and I rather doubt that you find the strain and wobble of her later years appealing.
 
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