Classical Music Forum banner

'Essential' composers of the late 19th century?

1 reading
12K views 22 replies 14 participants last post by  Eusebius12  
#1 · (Edited)
So I'm in the middle of a chronological survey of music from post-Schubert to the 20th century to rectify what was a pretty big hole in my classical awareness, since until now I've mostly been a listener of stuff from Josquin to Schubert (which is a lifetime in itself of course!). It's been great so far. In the early part of the Romantic period I've spent time with Chopin, Liszt, Mendelssohn, Schumann, Berlioz and Alkan, in opera listened to Rossini and Bellini (who is AMAZING) bel canto and some early Verdi, then moved on to Brahms (pretty much everything he published is brilliant, my latest favourite composer), a few of Wagner's orchestral works and excerpts, Bruckner's symphonies 4/7/8, Smetana's Ma Vlast, and am now listening to Dvorak starting with his late string quartets.

The problem is that I'm becoming slightly lost about what to listen to next, because after 1860 or so it seems as if there's a great increase in the number and variety of composers and works, with a stylistic fracturing along the lines of nationalist schools and responses to Wagner. So it's become quite difficult for me to follow a coherent chronological narrative of which composers to go through compared to the early Romantic period. So I was wondering if TC could help: what would you say are the 'essential' composers of the late 19th century, and their best introductory works? If you like, 'essential' defined as something like 'works/composers one would expect a literate aficionado of classical music to be familiar with'. Thanks for any tips. :tiphat:
 
#2 ·
You're right - music did splinter into nationalistic schools. There were several that you should explore.

French
Saint-Saens: the 3rd symphony "Organ", Violin concerto #3, piano concerto #2, cello concerto #1.
Chausson: symphony in B flat
Franck: Symphony in D
Delibes: Sylvia or Coppelia Ballets
Bizet: Carmen - at least the suites

German/Austrian
Mahler: for sure listen to symphonies 1 thru 4
Bruckner: all of the symphonies. You already have some of them. Hard to believe he paralleled Brahms.
Richard Strauss: the big symphonic poems like Til Eulenspiegel, Death and Transfiguration, Also Sprach Zarathustra, Don Juan

Russian
This is a huge arena. For many listeners, this was their entry into the classics.
Rimsky-Korsakov: Scheherazade, Capriccio Espagnol, Russian Easter Overture
Borodin: In the Steppes of Central Asia, Polovtsian Dances, String quartet #2, Symphony 2
Tchaikovsky: Symphonies 4, 5, 6, Capriccio Italien, Swan Lake, Sleeping Beauty, Nutcracker, violin concerto, piano concerto #1
Mussorgsky: Pictures at an Exhibition (Ravel arrangement), Boris Godunov, Night on Bald Mountain (Rimsky verision)
Glazunov: The Seasons, violin concerto

England
Elgar: Enigma Variations, Symphonies 1 & 2, Cello and violin concertos, Pomp and Circumstance marches
 
#7 · (Edited)
Rimsky-Korsakov: Capriccio Espagnol
Thanks so much for mentioning this. I played this when I was in a youth orchestra 20 years ago, and forgot about it until I saw it in your list. (I wasn't much of a classical music fan back then.)

Saint-Saens: the 3rd symphony "Organ", Violin concerto #3, piano concerto #2, cello concerto #1.
If I were to listen to one piano concerto, I'd choose #5. Also, don't miss the Tarantella, for flute, clarinet & orchestra in A minor, which Rossini supposedly used to troll some acquaintances at a private performance, making them believe he had written it and then revealing it to have been composed by a 22 year old.
 
#10 · (Edited)
A short list of one great instrumental composition per late Romantic composer that you haven't hit, with recording recommendations on YouTube. No pieces from after World War I.
Dvořák: Carnival Overture (Reiner, CSO)
Wagner: Tannhäuser Overture (Dresden version) (Tennstedt, LPO)
Elgar: Symphony No. 2 (just checked... Colin Davis, BRSO is no longer there... and there are LOTS of AWFUL interpretations) -- so go with Cockaigne Overture instead (Andrew Davis, BBCSO)
Mahler: Symphony No. 7 (Abbado, Lucerne Festival Orchestra) -- I would have said No. 6, but my favorite Jansons BRSO performance is gone
Franck: Violin Sonata (Dumay and Collard)
Bizet: L'Arlésienne Suite No. 1 (Maazel, CO)
R. Strauss: An Alpine Symphony (Blomstedt, SFSO)
Rimsky-Korsakov: Russian Easter Festival Overture (Markevitch, Orchestre Lamoureux)
Tchaikovsky: Symphony No. 6 (Jansons, OPO)
Mussorgsky: Pictures at an Exhibition (Solti, CSO)
Bruckner: Symphony No. 6 (Jochum, BRSO)
Vaughan-Williams: Fantasia on a Theme by Thomas Tallis (Andrew Davis, BBCSO)
J. Strauss II: Die Fledermaus Overture (Carlos Kleiber, Bayerisches Staatsorchester)
Schoenberg: Chamber Symphony No. 1 (Mehta, LAPO) -- I couldn't resist, as this piece still has one foot in middle Mahler
Debussy: Préludes (Zimerman)
Verdi: La Forza del Destino Overture (Toscanini, NBCSO)
Smetana: Die Moldau (Fricsay, SRSO) -- I know you've heard this piece, but this is the BEST recording, and there is also a video of an amazing rehearsal
Sibelius: Karelia Suite (Kamu, HRSO)
Puccini: Tosca Act II (Kabaivanska, Domingo, Bartoletti New Philharmonia, 1976) -- unfortunately, no notable purely instrumental pieces from this master orchestrator
Grieg: Piano Concerto (Zimerman, Karajan, BPO)
Rachmaninoff: 10 Preludes, Op. 23 (Lugansky)
Nielsen: Helios Overture (Blomstedt, DRSO)
Satie: 3 Gymnopédies (Thibaudet)
Offenbach: La Belle Hélène Overture (Fiedler, Boston Pops)
Fauré: Requiem (Shaw, ASO) -- can't avoid a choral work here
Borodin: In the Steppes of Central Asia (Jarvi, GSO)
Widor: Organ Symphony No. 6, Mvt. V (Dupré)
Suppé: The Beautiful Galathea Overture (Suitner, Dresden Staatskapelle)

And then you've got Chabrier, Bruch, Wolf, Reger, Busoni, Glazunov, Ysaÿe, Gounod, Albéniz, Mascagni, Leoncavallo, Delius, Massenet, Dukas, Vierne, Berwald, Schreker, Humperdinck, Josef Strauss, Granados, Dohnányi, Bloch, Rubinstein, Suk, Parry, d'Indy, Koechlin, Pfitzner, Balakirev, Cui, Lalo, Messager, Delibes, Chausson, Schmitt, Rheinberger... for starters! And I'm not including Scriabin or Stravinsky since they really belong in spirit to the other side of WWI.
 
#19 · (Edited)
A short list of one great instrumental composition per late Romantic composer that you haven't hit, with recording recommendations on YouTube. No pieces from after World War I.
Two amendments:
The Jansons BRSO concert performance of which I am fond has resurfaced on YouTube. And I forgot Saint-Saëns: Symphony No. 3 (Chung, Orchestre de l'Opera Bastille).
 
#11 ·
Allow me to add the Scandinavian and Baltic composers here (but in greater depth).
  • Denmark: Niels Wilhelm Gade (try his First and Fifth Symphonies), Nielsen (try his First Symphony and Hymnus amoris)
  • Sweden: Stenhammar (try his First Symphony), Alfven (Symphonies I-III), Atterberg (Symphony no. I, Varmland Rhapsody), Rangstrom
  • Finland: Robert Kajanus, Oskar Merikanto, Erkki Melartin, Selim Palmgren, Sibelius (Kullervo and Symphony no. I, Lemminkainen Suite)
  • Norway: Grieg (any will do)
  • Estonia: Artur Kapp (try his First Symphony), Lemba (Symphony in C)
  • Latvia: Jāzeps Vītols (Sprīdītis & Symphony in E)
  • Lithuania: Mikalojus Konstantinas Čiurlionis