Edit:
Don't worry, I answered the thread's question. I just took a round about way to do that, and I equivocated questions 1 & 2 because of my approach to the issue.
People dismiss the question, because they don't have a background in critical thinking. I mean no offense to people here, as if you aren't intelligent. You are in fact one of the more intelligent groups I've been around, and I've been around some pretty smart cats. However, the chances are that if you don't have a background in critical thinking, that you follow absurd trains of thought all the time. If "absurd" got you going, that was just some humor of mine. It's a technical term for logical impossibilities.
When I use the expression "critical thinking", I am using one of a few technical names/expressions for thinking that is formalized and divides itself between internal (how a proposition/argument gels together with it's components) and external criticism
(how a proposition/argument corresponds with the outside world; i.e. observed phenomena or facts). Take these algebraic expressions as an example:
P1 implies P2. P3 implies P1. However, P2 does not imply P3, nor does P3 imply P2, and nor does P1 imply P3.
That looks fairly simple, right? Well, you probably make a mistake like "P1 implies P3" all of the time, most of those mistakes being informal fallacies. An "informal fallacy" is a logical error that occurs when a statement with premises and a conclusion is given, but the premises do not actually imply the conclusion.
Here's an example:
N% of sample S has characteristic C.
(Where S is a sample unrepresentative of the population P.)
Therefore, N% of population P has characteristic C.
That was what you call a "weak analogy", because it had a biased sample.
This is a fallacy affecting statistical inferences, which are arguments of the following form:
N% of sample S has characteristic C.
(Where sample S is a subset of set P, the population.)
Therefore, N% of population P has characteristic C.
For example, suppose that an opaque bag is full of marbles, and you can win a prize by guessing the proportions of colors of the marbles in the bag. Assume, further, that you are allowed to stick your hand into the bag and withdraw one fistful of marbles before making your guess. Suppose that you pull out ten marbles, six of which are black and four of which are white. The set of all marbles in the bag is the population which you are going to guess about, and the ten marbles that you removed is the sample. You want to use the information in your sample to guess as closely as possible the proportion of colors in the bag. You might draw the following conclusions:
60% of the marbles in the bag are black.
40% of the marbles in the bag are white.
Notice that if 100% of the sampled marbles were black, say, then you could infer that all the marbles in the bag are black, and that none of them are white. Thus, the type of inference usually referred to as "induction by enumeration" is a type of statistical inference, even though it doesn't use percentages. Similarly, from the example we could just draw the vague conclusion that most of the marbles are black and few of them are white.
The strength of a statistical inference is determined by the degree to which the sample is representative of the population, that is, how similar in the relevant respects the sample and population are. For example, if we know in advance that all of the marbles in the bag are the same color, then we can conclude that the sample is perfectly representative of the color of the population-though it might not represent other aspects, such as size. When a sample perfectly represents a population, statistical inferences are actually deductive enthymemes. Otherwise, they are inductive inferences.
Moreover, since the strength of statistical inferences depend upon the similarity of the sample and population, they are really a species of argument from analogy, and the strength of the inference varies directly with the strength of the analogy. Thus, a statistical inference will commit the Fallacy of Unrepresentative Sample when the similarity between the sample and population is too weak to support the conclusion. There are two main ways that a sample can fail to sufficiently represent the population:
The sample is simply too small to represent the population, in which case the argument will commit the subfallacy of Hasty Generalization.
The sample is biased in some way as a result of not having been chosen randomly from the population. The Example is a famous case of such bias in a sample. It also illustrates that even a very large sample can be biased; the important thing is representativeness, not size. Small samples can be representative, and even a sample of one is sufficient in some cases.
How many of us, without being careful and methodical when it comes to thinking through things, have made this kind of an error in judgment? People don't like that kind of a topic or discussion direction, because regardless of how smart they are they probably commit fallacies regularly and are irritated by their lack of progress with other people.
So, questions like those asked by existentialists, seem stupid to the average person. The average person doesn't build a linear paper trail in their heads of "and", "if", "then", "or", "but", "therefore", etc. let alone building series of premised arguments and algebraic functions. Arguing for many people has a lot to do with building straw man after straw man (to build a straw man is to pretend/think you are criticizing your opponent's position, when you are in fact mistaken about what his/her arguments and/or position are), assuming motives, making hasty generalizations, or improperly sourcing claims; baggage that gets carried along with a person's character level, education, and intelligence.
We are arrogant either because we are individuals or because we have been propped up to have the presumptions of arrogance. The human experience is so novel, that even though you and I can't help but think fallaciously all the time, we are nonetheless going to be convinced of the models we've constructed to reckon with our experience. We have to stay sane, after all, and we don't have the time to think like a professional philosopher about everything including the mundane.
In conclusion, I think question 1 and question 2 can be regarded the same, depending on the way you come at the issue. I came after a root cause of the issue, when someone can very well differentiate answers for 1 and 2 by attacking the questions of character and maturity in people.